Cousin free essay sample

The tears cover my face. I attempt to wipe them away however they continue streaming. â€Å"Are you serious?† I said. I tossed a seat over the room as tears dribbled down my cheeks. It was the most exceedingly terrible call of my life. It wasn’t a sweetheart who calls to clarify the dramatization at school; it wasn’t grandmother educating you concerning the days of yore, in light of the fact that she’s got jolts free. The call was from my mother. She sounded more troubled than a lamenting spouse. â€Å"Chris I have something to tell you.† â€Å"Mom what is happening? For what reason do you sound like your crying?† â€Å"Chris†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yeah?† â€Å"I’m sorry, however Bob has been shot.† Bob is my cousin. His original name is Robert Remmel. He is a sergeant in the U.S. Armed force. He is my closest companion. My first idea was that my closest companion has quite recently been murdered while serving his nation in Afghanistan. We will compose a custom paper test on Cousin or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I’m simply dreaming. It’s only a fantasy. My body shook as tears continuously floated down my face. This was not a fantasy. The news transformed me. In the event that my cousin could get shot when he is 20-years of age, what is he passing up, what hasn’t he finished with his life? What have I not finished with my life? Would it be a good idea for me to begin my fantasies, in the event that this may transpire? Truly. Sway didn't pass on. He experienced numerous unbearable medical procedures, and is doing fine. What befell him transformed me. Bounce is as of now situated in Italy, on his third arrangement. I consider him consistently, and trust the good luck for him.

Research Paper on William James and Functionalism

PSY 101 4/7/13 â€Å"William James and Functionalism† I. Presentation William James (January 11, 1842 †August 26, 1910) was an American logician and therapist who had prepared as a doctor. He was the principal instructor to offer a brain research course in the United States. James composed compelling books on sober mindedness, brain science, instructive brain science, the brain science of strict experience, and mystery. He was the sibling of writer Henry James and of diarist Alice James. In the late spring of 1878, William James wedded Alice Gibbens. William James was conceived at the Astor House in New York City.He was the child of Henry James Sr. , a prominent and autonomously rich scholar all around familiar with the artistic and scholarly elites of his day. The scholarly brightness of the James family milieu and the exceptional epistolary abilities of a few of its individuals have made them a subject of proceeding with enthusiasm to students of history, biographers, a nd pundits. James additionally took a shot at numerous hypotheses included functionalism which is the second worldview in Psychology. As indicated by William James, functionalism accepted that the human psyche served a versatile role.It investigated the capacity of contemplations and practices. II. What is functionalism in Psychology? Functionalism is a hypothesis of the brain in contemporary brain research, grew generally as an option in contrast to both the character hypothesis of psyche and behaviorism. This hypothesis is based on the reason that human mental states (convictions, wants, torment, and so on ) are established exclusively by their useful job †that is, they are causal relations to other mental states, tactile data sources, and conduct yields . Functionalism is a hypothetical level between physical usage and conduct output.Therefore, it is unique in relation to its ancestors of Cartesian dualism (pushing discrete mental and physical substances) and Skinnerian beha viorism and physicalism (announcing just physical substances): It is just worried about the compelling elements of the mind. Since mental states are distinguished by an utilitarian job, they are supposed to be acknowledged on various levels. At the end of the day, they can be showed in different frameworks as long as the framework plays out the fitting capacities. While PCs are physical gadgets with electronic substrate that perform omputations on contributions to give yields, our cerebrums likewise go about as physical gadgets with neural substrate that perform calculations on inputs which produce practices. â€Å"The Principles of Psychology† is a momentous book throughout the entire existence of brain research, composed by William James and distributed in 1890. James' brain research included four techniques: investigation (I. e. , the intelligent analysis of forerunner and contemporary perspectives on the brain), contemplation (I. e. , the analyst's investigation of his ow n perspectives), explore (e. g. , in spellbinding or nervous system science), and correlation (I. . , the utilization of measurable intends to recognize standards from abnormalities). III. The worldview of functionalism The topic of brain research: Psychology is the investigation of mental action (e. g. observation, memory, creative mind, feeling, judgment). Mental action is to be assessed as far as how it serves the living being in adjusting to its condition. The strategies for brain science: Mental acts can be concentrated through contemplation, the utilization of instruments to record and measure; and target signs of psyche, through the investigation of its reations and items, and through the investigation of life systems and physiology. The functionalists would in general utilize the term ‘function' rather freely. The term is utilized in at any rate two unique ways. It can allude to the investigation of how a psychological procedure works. This is a significant takeoff fro m the investigation of the structure of a psychological procedure, the contrast between halting a train to destroy it to examine its parts (structuralism), and taking a gander at how the frameworks cooperate while it is running (functionalism). The term ‘function' can likewise allude to how the psychological procedure works in the volution of the species, what versatile property it gives that would make it be chosen through advancement. Functionalism never truly passed on, it turned out to be a piece of the standard of brain science. The significance of taking a gander at process instead of structure is a typical trait of present day brain science. As an individual methodology it came up short on an unmistakable detailing and acquired the issues of the structuralist dependence on thoughtfulness. IV. William James’ approach on functionalism Unlike Many Psychologist who were intrigued on structuralism (structures of the brain), WilliamJames rather was keen on cognizance a nd how it works in people, particularly comparable to conduct. James’s brain science tries different things with his understudies would in general be progressively inquisitive undertakings in awareness and viable application. James instructed at Harvard University from 1878-1890. During this time, he finished his eminent mental work: â€Å"The Principles of Psychology† in which he explained his functionalist knowledge into such subjects as awareness, propensity, and feeling. He was additionally got over soaked with the subject of functionalism and psychologyV. Functionalism versus Structuralism As soon as brain research began to increase logical pertinence, so began the discussion once again how it was generally suitable to depict conduct and the human psyche. Structuralism was first presented by Wilhelm Wundt. It was then officially named and set up by one of his understudies named Edward B. Tichener who split away from a considerable lot of the past thoughts set forw ard by Wundt. Structuralism means to depict the structure of the brain as far as the most crude components of mental experience. It concentrated on the separating of the cerebrums mental rocesses into its essential parts. These fundamental parts were then endeavored to be found by a strategy known as contemplation. Thoughtfulness can be characterized as the assessment or perception of one’s own psychological and passionate procedures. Structuralism depends on the thought tha t the point of brain research is to examine how the components are identify with one another which is finished by the investigation into sensations, pictures and emotions. Functionalism was planned as a response to structuralism and expects to clarify mental procedures in a more exact way than structuralism.It does this by concentrating on the motivation behind awareness and conduct. It was presented by William James (1842-1910) and was gotten from the hypothesis of common determination made by Darwin whi ch recommends that except if qualities of an animal varieties, remembering the procedures for the cerebrum, filled a type of need they would not be chosen after some time essentially and would not have endure. There are shortcomings to the two methodologies. Structuralism was condemned for lacking unwavering quality in its outcomes because of the investigation of the structure of the psyche being excessively abstract. Others contend that it was oo worried about inside conduct that can't be effectively watched and along these lines not handily estimated. It could likewise be contended that regular mental issues can't be unraveled by taking a gander at the vibes of only them and the psychological activities that are elevated by functionalism must be thought of. VI. Determination Functionalism framed as a response to the structuralism and was vigorously impacted by crafted by William James and the transformative hypothesis of Charles Darwin. Functionalists tried to clarify the psycholo gical procedures in a more precise and exact manner.Rather than concentrating on the components of awareness, functionalists concentrated on the motivation behind cognizance and conduct. Functionalism likewise underlined singular contrasts, which profoundly affected training. Work Cited: * James, William. The standard of Psychology. Vol. 1 and 2. 1890. Dover distributions 1950. * James, William. Brain research (Briefer Course) (1892) University of Notre Dame Press 1985: Dover Publications 2001. * Wade, Carole. Tavris, Carole. Brain science Tenth Edition. Upper Saddle River. Pearson Education 2011, 2008, 2006. * http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/William_James

The Great Gatsby Dreams Essays - The Great Gatsby, Daisy Buchanan

The Great Gatsby Dreams Essays - The Great Gatsby, Daisy Buchanan The Great Gatsby Dreams The Great Gatsby Dreams The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a novel about the American Dream. In the Great Gatsby, the fantasy is that one can procure joy through riches and influence. To get his bliss Jay endeavors to reacquire the affection for his lost darling, Daisy. The primary issue with Jays dream is that Daisy is all prepared wedded. Gatsby's own fantasy represents the bigger American Dream The quest for bliss. Jay Gatsby aches for the past. Shockingly he commits his grown-up life attempting to recover it and bites the dust in its interest. Previously, Jay had an affection illicit relationship with a youthful rich young lady, Daisy. Daisy and Jay had experienced passionate feelings for one another despite realizing that they couldn't wed due to the distinction in their societal position. Without precedent for Jays life he was genuinely glad. During their romance, Jay was sent off to war. After coming back from the war, Jay discovered that Daisy had hitched a rich man by the name of Tom Buchannon. Jay at that point consumes his time on earth getting riches to contact her financial norms, with the expectation that he can wed her and revive the satisfaction that he once had. His affection for Daisy was incomprehensible in the public eye since he was at present a poor youngster without a pasthe had no agreeable family remaining behind him (156). Gatsby experiences his fantasy of adoration now of his life. He realized that around then a relationship of adoration was unimaginable with Daisy because of his low social standing. Gatsby got resolved to break that hole between them so as to have a caring relationship with Daisy. He reached the physical conditions important to adore her, yet he had concentrated a lot on cash and force the past five years of his life. He needed his affection with Daisy to thrive. Shockingly, he had lost the capacity to adore. He not, at this point had moral respectability or the capacity to deal with a relationship. Society is frequently separated into various social gatherings by their monetary status. Those of lower classes accept that their issues will leave in the event that they can increase enough riches to arrive at the high society. Numerous individuals accept that the American Dream is this joining of the high society, and once arriving at that point, not being worried about cash by any means. The rationale behind this is being poor shields individuals from being glad, and once you become rich, you don't need to battle with the issues of life, and can along these lines be upbeat. The Great Gatsby takes this conviction, and shows its defects through the lives of Jay, Tom and Daisy. Truth be told, the entirety of the characters in the story are influenced somehow or another by the lives of these three characters. Gatsby makes turning into a high society resident his need. The life of the privileged thusly, makes the obtaining of riches their need. Riches becomes Jays vehicle as he continued looking for his essential objective, Daisy. In Gatsby's ascent to influence ethical quality is yielded so as to achieve riches. While the story doesn't broadly expound with regards to how Gatsbys riches was aggregated, it can without much of a stretch be seen that his undertakings were obscure, best case scenario. Gatsby's fantasy was bound to disappointment due to his absence of standards. This shows a significant imperfection of the American Dream theory, much the same as the pyramid schemes of today, Jay is attempting to purchase Daisys love, not gain it. Scratch endeavors to disclose to Jay that his fantasy is trivial by saying that the past can't be remembered. Jay immediately told Nick, Yes you can, old game. This shows the certainty that Jay has in satisfying his American Dream, and his duty to it. Tom Buchanan, Daisys spouse, was a man from a massively well off family. Scratch, depicted Tom's physical properties as having a hard mouth and a scornful mannerarrogant eyes had built up strength over his facealways inclining forcefully forwarda merciless bodyhis talking voiceadded to the impression of touchiness he passed on (11). The riches Tom has acquired makes him become self-important and deigning to other people. Tom accepted that

Cause of Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reason for Action - Essay Example Ransack and Bunny Sherman and the tort law is by all accounts one of the most fundamental laws concerning the individual injury endured by Rob Jr. As Mr. Rabbit needs to bring suit against the Church of the Divine Light which caused individual injury his child by deliberate torts, bogus detainment and so on of Rob Jr., the best lawful move will be in this line. There is fundamental proof about Rob Jr. being deceived, erroneously detained, intellectually compromised, mentally abused, and illicitly constrained to request cash from his folks. Every one of these disturbances and mental just as close to home injury endured by plaintiff’s child show the chance of making common move on the law of tort, undue impact, pressure, holding an individual without wanting to and so on. Additionally, lawful move can be made, on master suggestion, against the Church of the Divine Light which isn't a composed or enrolled church. The reason for activity in the given body of evidence incorporates suing against Mr. Tom Marsden who was liable for the common bad behavior against the plaintiff’s child and the law of torts serves best for this situation. The case being talked about gives reason for activity identifying with law of tort, particularly, deliberate tort. â€Å"An purposeful tort is any intentional impedance with a lawfully perceived intrigue, for example, the rights to substantial uprightness, enthusiastic serenity, domain over property, separation from open examination, and opportunity from imprisonment or trickiness. These interests are damaged by the deliberate torts of ambush, battery, trespass, bogus detainment, intrusion of protection, change, distortion, and fraud.† (Tort Law) http://legitimate dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Tort+Law Significantly, four targets are served by this law of torts. Consequently, Mr. Ransack can look for pay for the wounds his child has endured by the punishable activity of the litigant.

Modern and Contemporary Essay Example for Free

Current and Contemporary Essay This paper manages two things according to polytheism: initial a couple of tests of the contemporary writing, which contend next to no and unpersuasively, However, two significant recorded scholars of polytheism, Spinoza and his later supporter, Schelling, serve to save the hypothesis and spot it on a firmer, progressively logical ground. Polytheism has taken numerous structures since its commencement, and nobody definition will get the job done to take in every single specific indication of this marvel. One of the fundamental separates concerning polytheism as a metaphysics is to what degree Pantheism can be known as a religion: this is the main problem. The cutting edge, contemporary polytheists appear to have no religion at all: no God, no regulation. The contemporary readings on this inquiry appear to â€Å"socialize† the ambiguous â€Å"interconnections of every single living thing. † (Russell, 2008, 2). To just join an ambiguous sentiment of the â€Å"sacred† to an absolutely mainstream perspective on regular interconnections isn't to make a religion. What's more, thus, the issue. One may take the view that there are commonly two types of polytheism after some time: the modish, stylish rendition that tries to sacralize the mainstream wonder of nature, and an unmistakably increasingly advanced type of polytheism put on the map by Baruch Spinoza and his later student (of sorts) Friedrich Schelling. Both of these inquiries will be managed in this paper. To start with, we will manage the contemporary readings regarding this matter, and afterward, the unmistakably increasingly generous inquiries of polytheism raised by the Dutch savant. Remaining in the Light is a book that says practically nothing. It is overwhelming in unclear emotive connectiveness, light on definition and philosophy. At last, the â€Å"light† is anything you desire it to be: it very well may be a strict figure, a philosophical thought or just an inclination, subsequently diminishing it to nothingness by endeavoring to cover each emotive response (Russell, 2008, 3-4). In this view, she tries to rethink secularism (cf page 4) as a view where the â€Å"universe† is viewed as not sacrosanct. However, since the idea of the holy is rarely characterized, there are no agnostics. Or then again, better, that this foul perspective on polytheism, which is decreased to a sentiment of amazement even with nature (as speaking to both great and insidiousness, as she holds, 87ff), is itself secularism in that there is no God, yet there is a wonder despite nature’s glory. Hardly any agnostics would withdraw at wonderment when taking a gander at nature. In this equivalent vein lies crafted by Paul Harrison (2004). Once more (35), he holds that â€Å"nature is to be worshipped. † It is muddled whether he considers nature â€Å"god,† since god is a versatile term that covers the object of one’s amazement or regard. His abstaining from philosophical thoroughness is encapsulated in his control of Anselm’s celebrated ontological contention for god’s presence. In Harrison’s case, he ravages it to the point of being unrecognizable. The first contention was, to sum up, that god is that about which nothing more noteworthy can be considered. In any case, since this article must have presence (since to have presence is to be more prominent) god must exist, since that would be the best thing conceptualizable. Harrison doesn't appear to comprehend the idea of this dubious view. He expect (Harrison, 36) that nature is the best thing that can be considered, and consequently, is god. This makes little difference to the contention attributed to Anselm of Canterbury. He additionally appears to totally misconstrue Aristotle’s contention from causality. On page 38, Harrison holds that the â€Å"skeptical† answer dismisses the need of a first reason, there is no requirement for one. In the event that one can envision a boundless future, one can envision a boundless past. Since nobody can envision or picture a â€Å"limitless† future, the equivalent may be said of the past. Harrison appears to set a real strict component to polytheism in that it holds that issue is interminable, ever existing, continually changing, and thus, it is a conviction to be accepted without any doubt, and consequently, strict. A somewhat intriguing contention is his way of thinking of history. He holds that history contains three developments: the tracker gatherer stage, horticultural and innovative (Harrison, 50-53). It goes this way: at once, man lived in full agreement with nature as hunter’s and gatherers. At that point he chose to get settled. This was the incredible fiendishness: settled horticulture places man as ace of nature. Just in the mechanical stage was nature reintroduced, allowing a discerning eco-moderate to revamp our planet. Understanding this contention is troublesome: there are a few fallicies: first, that the tracker gatherer lives as per nature. He appears to have the concealed reason that everything crude must be eco-accommodating. Second, that agribusiness implies that man experts nature. This appears to be difficult to accept, since the agrarian brain, up until the twentieth century, functioned as an accomplice of nature, not its lord. The express Baconian thought of commanding nature is decisively the beginnings of the mechanical transformation. The contention is that when individuals not, at this point had any association with nature, not, at this point lived off the land, they could then romanticize nature, and subsequently, see it â€Å"for its own sake† (Harrison, 52). At the end of the day, when the mechanical unrest made urbanization and assault the scene, the now distanced urbanite could make of nature of object of sentimental dedication. It is exactly in the leaving of the land that one would then be able to consider it to be a tasteful article. Finally, the creator will not manage the subject of determinism (60). The polytheist determinism contention may resemble this: everything is interconnected, the power, the solidarity of the interconnection is â€Å"divine,† people are a piece of this celestial interconnection and consequently, to close, people are dictated by these associations. It is hard to squirm out of this contention, a contention that isn't found in Harrison’s book, however excused in any case. In the event that opportunity exists, it can't be material. In the event that it isn't material, it is soul. In the event that it is soul, at that point it must have a reason. In any case, the idea of polytheism introduced by Harrison sets no reason. Thus, people are simply judgments of material reality and henceforth decided. Harrison denies that people are resolved, however doesn't clarify how one can escape the polytheist contention, except if one posit’s individuals as, somewhat profound creatures and subsequently outside of the normal, widespread causal chains that are so suggestive of love. This is another genuine defect. Next, we have the short piece by Wood (2005). Wood isn't such a great amount of contending here for polytheism with respect to advancement, whereupon every contemporary hypothesis of polytheism appear to rest. This piece is essentially an assault on fundamentalism, which is characterized as that conviction framework that rejects development in that it dismisses the standard of progress characteristic no matter what. Polytheism has no conviction framework, just transformative biology. One need not be a polytheist to acknowledge everything that Wood says, it is a non-philosophical piece. Unmistakably increasingly generous is that work by Steinhart (2004) on the subject of cosmology. This is a fascinating study piece managing the idea of polytheism from the perspective of realism, Platonism and Pythagoreanism. In any case, similarly as fascinating is his concept of the idea of god: God, in customary religious philosophy must be: heavenly, complex (in the feeling of maximal inclusivity), God must speak to Himself to man, and God must be blessed (Steinhart, 2004, 65-66). Obviously a large portion of these can be tested. In Christianity, for instance, God isn't mind boggling, he is straightforward. He isn't simply heavenly, yet exists inside nature as its planner and guide (thought this is never an ontological association). By the by, the way in to the contention is most extreme inclusivity, which isn't a quality of God in customary philosophy in the sense Steinhart implies it, and it is question asking regarding polytheism, since the contention introduced her is that the nature lord of the polytheists is by definition comprehensive, and thus, comes nearest to the â€Å"traditional† thought of God. He appears to participate in indistinguishable consistent deceptions from Harrison. Steinhart flops on a few levels. First he neglects to clarify how the realist entire can be â€Å"holy,† in any sense. Second, he neglects to show how the incorporeal types of Plato can be related with polytheism in the definition he gives. Indeed, the connection between the structures and matter is exactly Plato’s dismissal of prior Greek polytheism (referenced by Russell, 2008) and, all the more critically, is about indistinguishable with the early Christian and Augustinian perspective on the connection among God and creation. God is related to nature as its guide and maker, yet isn't related to nature simpliciter. This is a serious consistent defect. He has better karma with Pythagoras, however it is conceivable to see a comparative complaint emerging. In any case, it remains the case that this work additionally neglects to do equity to polytheism. The best and most fascinating way to deal with polytheism is the formation of Baruch de Spinoza. Here is a canny, sensible and incredibly fascinating of the thought. About all the works studied reference him, yet just for a brief timeframe, as plainly not many of the above creators have invested the huge measure of energy important to ace the troublesome arrangement of the Dutch metaphysician. Spinoza is the best and most smart sign of the Pantheist thought, and consequently, ought to be treated finally. Spinoza starts with the idea of Substance, which is to be related to god. Substance is simply the â€Å"in. † That is, it is something that characterizes both insistence, since confirmation requires nullification (Parkinson, 1977, 451). Substance has gone past affirmat

Pride And Prejudice A Masterpiece Of English Classics - Free Essay Example

Pride and Prejudice is a masterpiece of English classics. The depth of the plot, the relatability of events and the soul of reality which the author, Jane Austen, has injected in it is mesmerizing. It is not just another story to pass your time, but it is writing to live hand-in-hand with. Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austin is an amazing contribution to the development of social realism all the way from the 17th century to this era. Pride and Prejudice is a story of love and life of English landed gentry during 17th century. Head of the family is Mr. Bennet, an English gentleman living with his overbearing wife Hertfordshire. The couple has 5 daughters; the beautiful Jane, the clever Elizabeth, the bookish Mary, the immature Kitty, and the wild Lydia. According to the law of the time, after the death of Mr. Bennet, the girls will not get anything from the property of their father, so good future of Bennets will be contingent upon their daughters making good marriages. Story of the Novel starts with the arrival of Mr. Bingley in the neighboring estate. Mr. Bingleyrs sister and a friend of him Mr. Dracy also comes to live with them. Love is soon in the air for one of the Bennet sisters, while another may have jumped to a hasty prejudgment. For the Bennet sisters, many trials and tribulations stand between them and their happiness, including class, gossip, and scandal. Jane Austen in her novel Pride and prejudice carves out a private space for the reader. Like most of the other authors and even her own other novels too, she doesnt limit a reader to the events of the story, but she has left a window open in every turning point to let her reader indulge fantasies and work over their own moral dilemmas through the activates of the characters. A critic, David Gallop, once discussing the plot of Pride and Prejudice, said, In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen is an ironist rather than a didactic writer. Her readers are less often told what to think than left to draw their conclusions. Jane Austen is unsurpassed as a creator of dialogue, her narrative voice admittedly tells us far more about her characters, and her attitudes to them, than their words alone would convey. This story portrays some of the most delicious effects by placing words or thoughts in reported speech, thus filtering them through the narratorrs ironic perspective. This novel combines social realism with certain moral seriousness. The activities of her characters are the activities of normal daily life, not the story of an abnormal abandoned baby who gets kidnapped, sent to seas, join a party of pirates and adventures he went through which are non-realistic. Pride and prejudice is a beautifully decorated story with interesting, entertaining and amusing events, other relatable things like falling in love, the relationship between parents and children, getting on with neighbors and trying to work out what means us well and what is not the ordinary morality of life. She only touched those areas of life which we people can relate in our everyday life, where the most important things for the girls were How to dress up for the upcoming ball? How to make someone fall for her? Look for any minor reason to hold a ball etc. Jane Austen was not describing a fractional distillation of her society but something obvious to think of. A reader of any time can recognize her characters as people all around. In the story, along with all the events going on, Austen chooses the mentality of Elizabeth as the depiction of her own thoughts. All the girls in the society were expected to be multi-talented and somehow a perfect partner. She should be a keen reader, intelligent, smart, must have superficial manners and have the attractive personality to find a good match but the man should have to be just a man to marry a girl with all good habits. Elizabeth finds this to be quite weird and question herself. Jane Austen paved her way to the match of souls, match of the line of thoughts should be a perfect reason to fall in love and to go for good marriage rather than the wealth of one and persona of other. Only virtuous friendship could do that, but vice prevents both recognizing and attracting virtuous friends. Falling in love, though, as suggested by Jane Austen in Pride and Prejudice, provides our perception flexibility that facilitates character improvement, and the rarity of an appropriate spouse can motivate its accomplishment.(Erin Stackle) Pride and prejudice also give us the picture of limited freedom of women in the 17th century. But if we think we will come to know that no one in this world has complete freedom. We always have someone to watch us. This also introduces another perspective of this story; that is the culture of gossip and judgment of folks around. The story of pride and prejudice is sometimes criticized for being very much like typical Jane Austen writings; People percept it as an exaggeration of traditional and class-conscious life of 17th century. Being the reader of the 21st century, we may find it an amplification, but she was not a historian, she was not looking back at the past, she was living in crux of that era. We cannot discredit the plot of the novel as a mere historianrs nostalgic exaggeration, rather absorbing it as sensitive observation of the writerrs surrounding who is incorporated very much related to her characters. Thus, it will not be misleading to say that the world we see in Pride and prejudice is the core of values of her time which consequently leads to the modern world. It presents precisely the conservative moral core of her class. I return to the observation that love in Pride and prejudice is a form of friendship and that friendship is an essentially communal relation. It is often said that comic plots involve the reconciliation of communal and erotic energies, the implication being that the two are necessarily in tension. Austen goes beyond this; for her, the two are one. Friendship steps in as the essential middle term, mediating between marriage and community both as a social form and as a type of feeling, permitting the flow of energy between all three, single elemental energy that infuses all human bonding. (William Deresiewicz) Gallop, David. Jane Austen and the Aristotelian Ethic. Philosophy and Literature, Johns Hopkins University Press volume 23 no. 1, 1999, pp. 96-109 Erin Stackle, Jane Austens Aristotelian Proposal Philosophy and Literature Johns Hopkins University Press Volume 41, Number 1A, July 2017 pp. 195-212 Deresiewicz, William. Community and Cognition in Pride and Prejudice. ELH, Johns Hopkinss University Press, vol. 64 no. 2, 1997, pp. 503-535

Boundaries Set for Women in Arthurian Romance Queen Guinevere and Elaine of Ascolot - Literature Essay Samples

In Sir Thomas Mallory’s, Le Morte dArthur, the majority of the characters face serious conflicts with chivalry and romance. This essay however will analyze female characters and their roles in Mallory’s rendition of Le Morte dArthur and how these female characters handle the pressures and restrictions placed on them as women. Queen Guinevere and Elaine of Ascolot represent the ideals of women in Arthurian romance; both Guinevere and Elaine are beautiful, Arthurian, aristocratic ladies that love hard and are willing to put everything they care about on the line for the sake of their love and their lover. Although Queen Guinevere and Elaine of Ascolot are both considered ideal lovers by Mallory, their gender reveals the boundaries set for women in chivalry and romance through their similar struggles with the patriarchy and their differences in how they express their love. The similarities between Queen Guinevere and Elaine of Ascolot follow a common theme of women being controlled or repressed by men. We see this in many examples with Guinevere because she is constantly being accused of some kind of heinous crime and then needs to be defended by a man, specifically Lancelot. She can never defend herself; she always needs a man to do it, even when she uses her words to try and defend herself she more or less gets nowhere with Arthur’s court because she is a woman and her words are considered meaningless. Which is why a man, or Lancelot, has to come in and fight on her behalf and save the day. Here we see Guinevere trying to explain herself for the mysterious death of a knight who happened to die after eating a dinner she had prepared: â€Å"‘I made this dinner for a good intent, and never for no evil; so Almighty Jesu me help in my right, as I was never purposed to do such evil deeds, and that I report me unto God’† (Mallory, 407). She really could not have been any clearer in what she was trying to saying to defend herself against the accusations the court was rising against her. Yet a few lines later we see Arthur dismissing what she says and asking where Lancelot is to defend her word. Why does she need a man to defend her word? This proves that judicial outcomes in Camelot and within Arthurian romance are only considered just or truthful when a man is defending the case or issue. â€Å"‘Where is Sir Lancelot?’ Said King Arthur. ‘And he were here he would not grudge to do battle for you’† (Mallory, 407). This is a perfect example of how Guinevere is put down by a patriarchal society, and although she is an ideal lover and even though she is a member of high society, her opinion is still regarded as unimportant or less important than a man’s opinion. However, Guinevere is not the only female character who gets ignored and abused by the patriarchy. Elaine of Ascolot, another female character, is again described as an ideal lover: â€Å"So this maiden Elaine never went from Sir Lancelot, but watched him day and night, and did such attendance to him that the French book saith there was never woman did never more kindlier for man† (Mallory, 427). Elaine is described as ideal; however, even though she is described as the most kind and loving woman, she still gets taken advantage of when it comes to romance and chivalry. As the tale continues, poor Elaine gets completely manipulated and used by Lancelot; her good nature and his selfishness creates a toxic combination and ends up getting her heartbroken and ultimately results in her death. We see in many examples with Elaine, how she is confined to a certain feminine role because of her gender. An example of this inequality would be when Lancelot tells Elaine and her family that he has to leave to go back to Camelot. Lancelot explains that he has no intentions of marrying Elai ne even though he had led her on by wearing her sleeve to a tournament which is an obvious symbol of love in Arthurian romance and he also expressed his fondness of her earlier when she nursed him back to health. However the scene continues and we see clear sexist gender roles when Elaine’s brother, Sir Lavain, professes his love for Lancelot also and says he wants to stay with him and understands why his sister wants to kill herself if she looses Lancelot. Lancelot says, â€Å"Father,’ †¦ ‘I dare make good she is a clean maiden as for my lord Sir Lancelot; but she doth as I do, for sithen I saw first my lord Sir Lancelot, I could never depart from him, nor nought I will and I may follow him† (Mallory, 433). This quotation shows how a man can do something a woman cannot in Arthurian romance. Elaine wants to stay with Lancelot and be with him forever, but she cannot, because she is a woman. However, her brother, because he is a man, can be made a knigh t and follow Lancelot and be with him forever. Even though Elaine saved Lancelot and nurses him back to health and had a very active feminine role, she still cannot be made a knight and as a result she can never stay or be with Lancelot. The only way Elaine could still be with Lancelot would be if she was his lover or his wife, both possibilities were rejected by Lancelot. Although Queen Guinevere and Elaine of Ascolot are described as ideal lovers, they do express their love differently. While Queen Guinevere has a more demanding approach to how she handles her love with Lancelot, Elaine has a generous or endowing way of expressing her love. While Lancelot rejects Elaine and serves Guinevere, the issue at hand is still gender. Elaine’s love is not seen as legitimate to Lancelot because she is not his lover, therefore a woman’s love is only considered valuable if she is his lover, which is a double-standard within Arthurian society. Queen Guinevere tends to be considered the perfect Arthurian lady and lover; she is beautiful, graceful, and puts her love for Lancelot above all, she truly believes and inflicts all the ideals of romance and chivalry, as does Elaine. However, Guinevere tends to be more taxing and demands Lancelot’s full attention and devotion, if he does not comply with her demands or expectations Guinevere will think that he does not love her because he is not demonstrating the ideals of chivalry. An example of Guinevere’s overdramatic expectations would be in the very beginning of The Tale of Sir Lancelot and Queen Guinevere, a few lines in we see Guinevere scolding Lancelot for his lack of attention: â€Å"Sir Lancelot, I see and feel daily that thy love beginneth to slacken, for ye have no joy to be in my presence, but ever ye are out of this court. And quarrels and matters ye have nowadays for ladies, maidens, and gentlewomen, more than ever ye were wont to have beforehand† (Mallory, 403). These idealistic attributes that Guinevere lives up to and strives to achieve are simply expected of her, they are expected of her because she is a beautiful woman. If Guinevere were a peasant, or a less attractive woman, such strict ideals would not be as critical to her life. Therefore proving that these dramatic ideals and rules she expects from herself and Lancelot are just implemented in her by the patriarchal society she lives in. However, the debate is not about class or beauty, because Elaine was also an aristocrat and she was also very beautiful, the point is that women can only be loved by a man if she is his lover. A woman who is not his lover, such as Elaine, is considered meaningless, and her love and feelings are disregarded because she is a woman who he is not in a relationship with. As for Elaine of Ascolot, her approach to loving Lancelot differs from Guinevere’s in the sense that she does still believe in the ideals of romance but she executes them differently. Guinevere shows her belief in chivalrous ideals by expecting perfection and expecting the ideals of romance to be executed fully. While Guinevere demands perfection from Lancelot and waits for him to make a change, Elaine takes a more active approach and instead of demanding Lancelot’s attention she provides attention and care towards him, such as when she rode out in the middle of the night to find him or when she nursed him back to health after he was wounded in the tournament. Guinevere never took that kind approach to loving Lancelot, she simply called for him and he would come and do her bidding. If Elaine felt she needed to see Lancelot she would go and find him herself and take on a more progressive feminist role, she does in fact bend gender roles in many scenes such as when she go es to find Lancelot. Eventually Elaine becomes the martyr for women in romance as a whole because she is so wronged by the romantic ideals she believed in so much at the beginning of the tale. After Lancelot breaks Elaine’s heart by selfishly leading her on and then leaving her and telling her that he will never marry her, but will instead pay her off every year after she does find a husband, Elaine sees the serious flaws within romance and the roles women have in it. Elaine has an awakening and she decides that without Lancelot, and because of the way he has hurt her and shattered her dreams, that she will kill herself as a martyr and take control of the situation to prove a point about how women are being mistreated by men. Elaine starves herself and sends her dead body down a river to Camelot with a letter attached to her body for Arthur’s court to read. A section of her letter stated: â€Å"Therefore unto all ladies I make my moan; yet for my soul ye pray and bury me at the least, and offer ye my masspenny, this is my last request. And a clean maiden I died, I take God to witness. And pray for my soul, Sir Lancelot, as thou art peerless† (Mallory, 435). Her letter is directly calling on women to see the flaws in the romantic society they are forced into, she asks them to pray for her soul and also calls out Lancelot for hurting her and altering her view of romance. She is trying to warn and advocate for all the women who have been mistreated by men in romance. Overall Elaine takes a much more active role than Guinevere because she not only actively pursues Lancelot and has a much more generous attitude towards romance, she also literally kills herself for the cause of women being treated unfairly in romance. Elaine dies for the ideals of chivalry and romance, whereas Guinevere suffers with self pity and guilt after the fall of Camelot and ultimately believes that the ideals of romance are flawed themselves, while Elaine believes that men are just not living up to the standard that ideal romanticism requires which is why she made herself a martyr after Lancelot left her. Although Queen Guinevere and Elaine of Ascolot are both considered ideal lovers, their gender reveals the boundaries set for women in chivalry and romance through their similar struggles with the patriarchy and their differences in how they express their love. Elaine expresses the boundaries set for women in romance by making herself a martyr for the cause and recognizes that there are aspects of her society that limit her opportunities because she is a woman. Queen Guinevere on the other hand, is still also considered an ideal and true lover, but she takes on a less active role when it comes to loving Lancelot and demands more of the romantic expectations she had been taught to care about by the patriarchal society she lives in. Overall, both female characters roles are key to showing the boundaries set for women in Arthurian society and romance.

Where Is the Balance Between Order and Freedom - 1612 Words

Dmitri Kobozev 10/1/12 Mr. Shoemaker Thesis Paper on Arthur Miller’s quote What is the perfect balance between freedom and order? Not only is it a question American society has been asking itself since its creation but also a question humanity has yet to answer. In all likelihood such a perfect balance will never be achieved but doesn’t mean people won’t strive for such perfection. Before delving on deeper one must first ask, ‘what is order?’ Order is the limitation of freedom; limitation of freedom is necessary, to an extent, to uphold society. Human society has two extremes at each end of its spectrum, anarchy and tyranny. Two complete opposites, anarchy is pure freedom and tyranny is the ultimate repression of freedom. In the middle†¦show more content†¦In a sense, the bills would create an internet blacklist. These bills did not pass through congress due to mass protest by people. Multiple sites such as Google and Wikipedia had a day of ‘black out’ in order to raise public awareness of these bills, which in turn lead to the protests that prevented these bills from passing. Though the American people were successful in preventing those bills, there were others that were signed without the majority of the public knowing. An example of such a bill is the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA). ACTA has a very strict definition of copyright infringement, would require ISPs to monitor all your data traffic, force ISP to remove service from people who infringe copyrights (Solon). This act was approved by congress but was eventually denied by the UN. Whether or not ACTA will still be enforced in the United States is highly doubtful, but it may lead to further legislature advocating internet restriction. Such legislature could be the Trans-Pacific Trade Pact (TPP). With similar writing as ACTA and other internet censorship bills, however, a difference is that it includes pacific countries such as Japan, Mexico, and Australia. While the internet did extended the American peoplesShow More RelatedProblems Dealing With Liberty And Social Order985 Words   |  4 PagesProblems Dealing with Liberty and Social Order The Declaration of Independence, the most significant statement of natural rights and liberty ever made, accompanied the birth of the United States as a nation. Ever since the Declaration of Independence was instituted, American leaders have worked overtime to ensure that the citizens of the US enjoy their freedoms and rights. 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Down the road during the Revolutionary war America functioned through the Articles of Confederation, a system where the power was given to the states. This worked well for America during the war, however; afterwards the flaws of the Articles became evident. States were not unified as one and therefore maintaining order was impossible. ForcedRead MoreIn The United States All Citizens Have A Guaranteed Right1437 Word s   |  6 PagesTruth by Mill, Democratic Self Government by Alexander Meicklejohn, Individual Self-Realization by Martin Redish, and the Mixed by Thomas Emerson, which all highlight the importance of free speech, but grasp the value of free speech differently. Freedom of speech is one’s ability to express opinions, thoughts, and ideas openly and freely without the concern of government intervention or sanction. 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There is no such thing as the perfect parent, but there are multiple important factors for raising a child. It is essential that a child is given freedom in order for them to find their true identity. Parents should balance between freedom and disciplineRead MoreThe Delicate Balance of Regulating Freedom of S peech806 Words   |  3 PagesIs the Freedom of the press really â€Å"free† when it comes bearing stipulations and regulations? Should we as citizens then live as a democratic society where freedom of speech and press is completely unregulated? For those readers who say yes, would you then be willing to legalize types of speech like slander or defamation of character and reputation? This is precisely the tricky and delicate balance that democratic societies like the United States often have to weigh in which different social valuesRead MoreWhat are the key features and limitations of a liberal democratic state?1600 Words   |  7 Pagesthe ultimate political authority is vested in the people. The word democracy comes from the Greek words demos which means the people and kratos which means authority. Democracy first flourished in the ancient polis of Athens, where huge gatherings were held in order to vote on certain issues. Liberalism is a political view that seeks to change the political, economic or social quo to foster the development and well-being of the individual. Liberalism is more concerned with process, with theRead MoreThe United States Constitution Prohibits The Making Of Any Law1447 Words   |  6 Pages(Amendment I) to the United States Constitution prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion, abridging the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of the press, interfering with the right to peaceably Assemble or prohibiting the petitioning for governmental redress of grievances. In Accordance with the first amendment the U.S. Supreme Court has made an exception to its First Amendment jurisprudence for public employees through

Adhd Research Paper - 1 - 3087 Words

ADHD Research Paper Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) seems to be the affliction of this generation of children. It seems more prevalent every year. However, diagnosis criteria for ADHD is so subjective, what qualifies, who qualifies? There is no specific clinical cause for ADHD but it obviously exists. So many questions remain to be answered about ADHD. Are more children really being diagnosed with ADHD annually and is it really on the rise as it appears? Are too many children being wrongly diagnosed with ADHD as an easy way out because of other behavioral problems? And when ADHD is properly diagnosed are we overmedicating our children to make it easier for parents and teachers to cope? How often are other afflictions†¦show more content†¦The EEG results are used to determine where sensors will be attached, to earlobes, or even hair to transmit thoughts through a transducer. The patient then must complete tasks by thought utilizing the appropriate brainwaves depending on the indi vidual goal or disorder of that subject. It is a procedure than can help anyone, not just people with brain disorders. Dr. Bradstreets own son who is Autistic, with the help of this treatment, has been able to stay current and progress at a normal rate in school. This new treatment can be used for ADHD, downs syndrome patients and even stroke victims. Jeanette Eddy, Osceola County Schools District Counselor and Stetson University Professor, volunteered as a test subject to prove the treatment is not only safe for the children in her school district, but that individuals with otherwise normal brain function could also benefit from this treatment. Ms. Eddy (personal communication, March 03, 2003) Im excited that we have technology out there that is completely safe and can help anyone, not just individuals with psychological problems, but anyone to increase brain function. This is an exciting advancement in the treatment of ADHD and shows tremendous promise in the treatment of ADHD and other afflictions. However, ADHD, diagnosis and treatment are so subjective that for now, establishing baselines forShow MoreRelatedAdhd Research Paper 12246 Words   |  9 PagesTERM RESEARCH PAPER ON ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Introduction Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (â€Å"ADHD†) is a common childhood disorder that represents developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, impulsivity and overactivity. It occurs in 3% to 5% of the school age population as stated by (Craighead, Craighead, Kazdin Mahoney, 1994). Another author (Barkley, 1981) stated that ADHD occurs in at least one child in every classroom. As a result of these statisticsRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Introduction Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), once called hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction, is one of the most common mental disorders among children. (Elia, Ambrosini, Rapoport, 1999) It affects 3 to 5 percent of all children, with approximately 60% to 80% of these children experiencing persistence of symptoms into adolescence and adulthood, causing a lifetime of frustrated dreams and emotional pain. There are two types of attentionRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1243 Words   |  5 Pages ADHD induces Learning Disorder Student’s Name Institution Introduction 　　　　Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and learning disorder are two mental conditions that mostly affect children. They are caused by a mixture of environmental and genetic factors relating to affected children. 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ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM IV) states that â€Å"the essential feature of ADHD is a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is more frequent and serve than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development† (p.78). There are three subtypes of ADHD: Predominantly hyperactive- impulsive, predominantlyRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1462 Words   |  6 PagesADHD – Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a predominant childhood disorder that can continue through adolescence and adulthood. There are three classes hyperactive-impulsive, inattentive, and combined. ADHD is typically shown with being inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive. By 2011 there were 11% of school-aged children with a history of a diagnosis of ADHD (CDC, 2014). 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There is growing debate about methods that areRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1166 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) has become one of the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorders in children and adolescent. â€Å"ADHD is defined as a chronic condition marked by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and sometimes impulsivity.† (Disney, 1999) There is concern about the possible connection between ADHD to substance use and abuse, during childhood and adolescence, since it is such an important developmental stage in life. â€Å"Substance abuse disorder is definedRead MoreYouth Side Effects1116 Words   |  5 Pagesidentification and treatment may prompt enhanced results for these adolescent. The articles in this unique area shed light on the advancement of and hazard factors for BPD, with an emphasis on the juvenile and youthful adulthood period. 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What Values From Traditional And Progressive Philosophies...

It is critical that a teacher be ever learning and provide students with relevant knowledge. There are two questions: how do teachers become ever learning and what is relevant knowledge? There are four identifiable philosophies that answer these questions: Traditional, Progressive, Existential and Critical Theory. However, they are often taken to the absolute and extreme. I firmly believe that taking both the main valued approaches from the Traditional and Progressive Philosophies provides strong disciplinary focuses and knowledge integration. The combination of the two philosophies allows for a positive insight to all educational philosophies. Keeping the mind open to these philosophies allow for flexibility and stability in the classroom for schools, teachers and students. In my position statement I will discuss what values from Traditional and Progressive philosophies complement each other. I will also recognize the Existential and Critical Theory philosophies along with their pos itive aspects. Through this statement I will explain how I believe the philosophies have applied to my life as a student and how I see them being applicable to my classroom in the future. The Traditional and Progressive educations are often times thought of as opposites however when they are combined they allow for a strong disciplinary focus and knowledge integration (Kaplan and Owings, 2009, 182). I believe that when these two philosophies are taken away from the absolute andShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1476 Words   |  6 Pages CLES 871 Foundations of Higher Education Summer 2015 Instructor: Joel Abaya, PhD Personal Philosophy of Education Submitted by: Wessam Elamawy . Personal Philosophy of Education Introduction: From the very beginning of my life I recognized the importance of higher education. I am 34 years old. I am Egyptian. I was born in a highly educated family . My father earned a Ph.D. in chemistry. My uncle earned a Ph.D. in Engineering . My aunt is a doctor. My grandparents wereRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Education Is Its Differing Aims1536 Words   |  7 Pagesraised. Ultimately, the most primitive dilemma the philosophy of education is its differing aims. Philosophers of education question, what are the proper aims and leading principles of education? What is the appropriate criterion for assessing academic attempts, educational institutions, procedures, and outcomes? In fact, diverse proposals to resolving these significant affairs have given rise to contrasting schools of thought in the philosophy of education. This exploratory paper will analyze andRead MoreExploring the Curriculum5815 Words   |  24 Pagesspelling unsatisfactory1 | My Reflection | Reflection statements are profound and clear, supported by experiences from the episode4 | Reflection statements are clear, but not clearly supported by experiences from the episode3 | Reflection statements are shallow; supported by experiences from the episode2 | Reflection statements are unclear and shallow and are not supported by experiences from the episode1 | My Portfolio | Portfolio is complete, clear, well-organized and all supporting documentation areRead MoreBeyond Budgeting3960 Words   |  16 PagesBeyond Budgeting | Managerial Accounting – AVIMA 11 | | Henrique Antunes de Souza | Jan/2013 | Contents Introduction: 2 The Traditional Budgeting 2 Beyond Budgeting: The Concept 4 Beyond Budgeting: The Benefits and a Comparative Analysis 5 Implementation 9 Conclusion 10 Bibliography 12 Introduction: A concept may go through changes over time, being reconsidered, reviewed, improved or even forgotten. In an environment where changes happen often, it’s usual to observeRead MoreBass Transformational Leadership Theory4108 Words   |  17 Pagesresource capacities that drive their professional positions and sustain the respective institutions. In fact, there is quite a bit of scholarly research extolling the benefits of such a leadership style. Interestingly, leadership theories much like any other epistemological debate have evolved over time in alignment with the variant demographic, economic, technological, political-legal, and social-cultural environments that dictate trends and alterations in research methods and practice. Hence, this paperRead MoreCurriculum Development- Let Review9921 Words   |  40 PagesMODULE 1 CURRICULUM: CONCEPTS,NATURE AND PURPOSES Curriculum from Different Points of View 1. Traditional Points of View of Curriculum* â€Å"It is a body of subjects or subject matter prepared by the teachers for the students to learn†, and is synonymous to course of study and syllabus. *According to Robert Hutchins, curriculum is permanent study which emphasizes rules of grammar, reading, rhetoric and logic and mathematics needed for basic education which gives importance to the 3RsRead MoreThe Feminist And Reality Theory : Like Water For Chocolate4125 Words   |  17 Pagesdevelops a relationship with food that gives her the power to nurture and give outlet to her emotions (Uychoco, 2012). The admission that Mama Elena herself suffered the loss of her one true love is an important thematic complement to Tita s dispossession. The reaction of each woman to her predicament helps describe their differing characters (Tyrer, 2011). Whereas Mama Elena lets the loss of love turn her into a sinister and domineering mother, Tita, while obeying her mother s command outwardlyRead MoreAll About Peace Education13195 Words   |  53 Pages Article 26, The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Peace education is an elusive concept. Although peace always has been and continues to be the object of an unceasing quest in almost all communities and groups, the training of each new generation centers on divisive issues of in-group/out-group differentiations, intergroup conflict and ongoing preparation for defense and war against real and perceived enemies. The universal presence of conflict and war in human history has alwaysRead MoreInnovation Management6287 Words   |  26 PagesForbath, Peter Brooks, and Patrick Kalaher. Note: This is one of two papers reporting the results from this research. The other is â€Å"From Outsourcing to Global Collaboration: New Ways to Build Competitiveness,† HBS Working Paper 07-080. Working papers are distributed in draft form for purposes of comment and discussion. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holders. Copies are available from the authors. Innovation through Global Collaboration: A New Source of Competitive Advantage Read MoreThe Loss of Human Dignity with a Naturalistic World4889 Words   |  20 Pagesbeen various theories that have tried unsuccessfully to account for human dignity and intrinsic value without God.   However, this paper will only focus on the theory of naturalism and its lack of a strong argument for the existence of either.   Therefore there must be a successful accounting of the presence of God within the theory of naturalism to argue the existence of human dignity and intrinsic value successfully according to JP Moreland.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One cannot argue against philosophical theory without

Art The Gallery Space - 1915 Words

One of the most important aspect of the art world is the gallery space, where they house and showcase the works of art itself. Space where there are works hung on the walls, sculptures on pedestals, and area where people can go in to observe and experience the works of art. There are tens and hundreds of gallery spaces in Toronto, and these galleries can generally be categorized in two separate groups : Institutional galleries, and commercial galleries. Art Gallery of Ontario, more popularly known as the AGO, and Diaz Contemporary Gallery greatly contrasts from each other although they are both gallery spaces with the purpose to show and exhibit artworks. While AGO serves as an institutional gallery with the goal to educate the public, Diaz contemporary works as a commercial gallery trying to market the works and their artists. The differences between their goals and aims can be seen in multiple elements such as the gallery space itself, the management, and their relationship with th e public. The environment of these two galleries differ greatly. Let s start with the simplest of them all, the location. AGO is located right in downtown core on the corner of Dundas street and McCaul avenue, walking distance from the major shopping centre, and it is right beside the art institute OCAD University (Ontario College of Art and Design University). AGO is located in area with higher human traffic and is easily noticed this can be related to their relationship with the public as itShow MoreRelatedThe Gallery, By Artist Joan Ryan And Destroy Delete Transform By Andrea Burgay. R. Gallery937 Words   |  4 PagesFounded in 1972, A.I.R. Gallery is the first not-for-profit, all-women artist-directed, cooperative art gallery in the United States. The gallery was established for the reason that, despite gains made by the early women artists’ movement, the majority of the emergent women had no place to show their art. As an advocate for women artists, A.I.R. Gallery has worked tirelessly to promote women artists and maintained a driving force in the New York art scene. The gallery currently has three exhibitionsRead MoreNew York City : Art Essay901 Words   |  4 Pagesfor it is fashion, but for art. In Changing Art: SoHo, Chelsea and the Dynamic Geography of Galleries by Harvey Molotch and Mark Treskon it talks about changes in galleries locations and art over time from New York s SoHo and Chelsea districts. As well as the decrease of New York’s SoHo as a gallery district and the increase of nearby Chelsea. For this Molotch and Treskon research, they look both galley s rent prices and art princes in order to understand why galleries where leaving SoHo to comeRead MoreTo What Extent Do Audiences Need Art Galleries to View Their Works1278 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent do audiences need art galleries to view art works? Art galleries are essential to the art world, however, is not the only source for audiences to view art. To begin with, art and artwork is defined as the application of human skill, creativity and imagination. Taking this into consideration, individuals need to examine the nature and purpose of art galleries as a facility to collaborate, organize and display a collection of artworks. As art however, is any expression of human creativityRead MoreArt Museum Of Fort Worth Texas877 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluence and style continued at the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth Texas. Louis Kahn is a modern architect that designed the Kimbell Art Museum. 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Currently, the Museum of Outdoor Arts occupies a space in the Englewood Civic Center on the secondRead MoreThe Fault in Conceptual Artists Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pagesfocus on why and how conceptual artists sets out to destroy or undermine the value of physical pleasure in arts making and reception. In order to discuss this issue, first we need to look back on history to examine the historical context of Conceptual Art. During 1960s, the world is in a turbulent state experiencing all sorts of crises . After the World War One and the World War Two, the traditional value and institutional system had been overthrown. The collapse of old world politics, social order andRead More Comparing the Websites of Frist and the National Gallery of Art1001 Words   |  5 PagesArt galleries and museums are buildings or spaces used exclusively for the exhibition and education of art, but that’s not all. Galleries and museums are an essential part of our society. Art in itself transcends cultural diversity and differences; the museums and galleries that display art present to us insight into the various cultures, backgrounds, and communities in an unprejudiced environment. They also provide a significant impact on local and state economics. According to the 2007 Americans

The Blue Gold free essay sample

My father is a retired career Navy man, a Naval Academy graduate, just as his father before him. The first comment my grandfather said when I was born was â€Å"USNA class of 2017.† I had experienced the Navy life- moving every two years and attending eight schools before age eleven- nevertheless I was always attracted to that hallowed institute in Annapolis. Or so I thought. While I have three Naval Academy graduates in my immediate family, the Midshipman with the most profound impact does not share my blood- but is part of my family. The Delta Family. I spent five short days at USNA’s Summer Seminar, where a special bond was forged between the members of Delta Company that couldn’t be broken. Those bonds were smithed by _________, Delta Company Commander. Over the course of that week, he pushed us that little bit harder- that push from competent to excellence. When the other companies walked to meal, we would run. We will write a custom essay sample on The Blue Gold or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When the other companies watched movies, we had extra drill practice. When other companies ran, we ran faster. But one-upping was not what Delta was about. CC, we affectionately called him, was about upholding the creed all armed forces embrace. One works harder, one pushes oneself that little bit more, and one sacrifices that extra amount for the person on either side. Loyalty. Camaraderie. Motivation. These values revealed themselves in everything Delta did- and we bought in 110%. The last full day of Seminar is Sea Trials. A day starting at five and consisting of ten straight hours of log lifting, pushups, running, and boat carrying, Sea Trials is the Seminar attendee’s equivalent to Hell on Earth. Trials ended with crawling through the sandy banks of the Severn River, and as we all stood waist-high in its salty banks, _________, master orator, simply said, â€Å"We did it, Delta.† We hugged whoever was next to us, not minding we were sopping wet. We were a Family. That moment in the Severn, I achieved the greatest accomplishment of my short life. That night, CC had a special surprise for us. He led us to the cemetery. My grandfather was buried there, and I knew he’d been watching me throughout the day, hopefully proud of what I had accomplished. Illuminated by the moon, the graves shone in the pale light. CC gave a speech, at the end asking us to make a solemn promise to the men buried here to uphold the standard the deceased had set for the Academy. But I froze. CC brought out in me something I didn’t know was there. My true calling was somewhere else. Standing in the cemetery of the fallen, my grandfather buried so nearby, I vowed to my grandfather I would not attend the Academy, but rather chase my real dream, law and politics, and to serve my country in a different way. _________ made me realize something even I couldn’t understand, but more importantly changed the course of my life.

Critical Strategic Plan Evaluation Burnaby Hospital

Question: Identify and summarize the long-term and short-term plans identified in the organizations plan? Answer: Introduction Burnaby Hospital is the third busiest department of emergency by the province with more than 70,000 number of patients visiting the hospital every year. The Emergency Supertrack of the hospital is focused on providing care to individuals that are presented in the department of emergency with minor ailments like lacerations, infections, allergic reactions, bruises and many more (Walshe, 2008). Supertrack is a dedicated and separate area for non- urgent cases of the patients with a team of unit clerks, physicians and nurses. In context with this hospital, this report will be identifying and summarizing the short term and long term plans of the organization. The report will also be identifying the key stakeholders and the strategic thinking, describing the key strategies at unit level, organizational level, divisional level and corporate level. Long term and Short term Plans The main goal of the hospital is focused on maintaining sustainability as the main goal for both strategic planning of long- term along with the promotion of healing environment. The projects of the strategic development involve a number of levels in order to make the decision (Tan Sheps, 2008). At an increasing rate, executives have been focused to factor within greening and sustainability with the reason that these strategies will be focused on improving the communities of the area but also offsetting the growth in financial pressures in the current era. The hospital can be looking for simple win- win situations in the absence of high amount of capital investment (Shaw, 2008). For meeting the short- term goals in an appropriate and successful manner, there are savings at the bottom line for helping and supporting the financial report card of the health systems, particularly is the organization is to take up larger projects involving large amount of capital. Strategic Thinking and Main Stakeholders Strategic thinking helps the organization for interpreting the patterns related to the decisions on investment that include, money, talent and time. In the situation of Burnaby Hospital, this is considered as a significant source for the enhancement of capabilities within the organization. The form and shape of these particular decisions contribute in revealing what has been initiated by the organization and what has been institutionalized with respect to trust relationships, specialized skills, tacit knowledge, depth in experiencing clinical leadership and social capital (Tan Sheps, 2008). This particular realized strategy is altered for becoming a true strategic vision for the services, embedding it truly within the culture, practices of management and behavior shown by the members of the organization. Since recent times, clinic mergers and hospital, alliances of innovation, and spinning off and the outsourcing of old and new clinical services are focused on exemplifying this rise within the activity of strategies (Walshe, 2008). Strategic thinking within this health care setting including the decision making regarding mix related to care processes, patients and medical pathologies for the improvement of process of services, and reposition the programs of care aiming at international, regional or local patients. The following ways are considered for undertaking the strategic activities (Tan Sheps, 2008): To build the capacity and management of consistency in the culture To acquire other related organizations and to offer the services at a faster rate and in an effective manner Formation of alliances and to offer a less amount of cost but with expedient services For the consideration of these decision, there is a need for practicing strategic planning and strategic thinking related to discipline that is the methods to inquire, identify, select, and implement courses related to the action and a rigorous approach in order to persuade the long- term strategic objectives and goals. The key stakeholders are stated below (Detmer, 2007): Local community and patients Members of the staff that include professionals and employees Volunteers Members of the community Local Networks for Health Integration Ministry of Long- term Care and Health Care Hospital Foundations and Donors Department for Health Information Parties under Contract Other providers of health The entire system of health Strategies of the Organization Since recent times, the directors of the hospital had been focused on the identification of certain strategic issues and problem that had been confronted by the members of the staff in the organization. A serious crisis in finance was being faced and there had been an increased need for restructuring and for restoring the level of confidence. Since then, there has been reorganization of the medical center into the care programs centered by the patient, and a number of changes had been made that lead towards improvement in the quality of services along with improved friendliness and hospitality of the patients (Grimshaw, 2009). After the strategy to restructure the organization, there had been an increase in the volume of patients, and there had been improvement in the situation of finance. In consideration with these particular issues, the organization must be confronting these problems as these have been embedded within the environment of task. Hence, the hospital is focused on referring to anything important within the industry that can impact or can be influences by the desired long- term performance and goals of the organization. Every delivery system of the hospital is focused on establishing its own domain of strategic service that is targeting the categories of diseases and illnesses in an implicit and explicit manner (Shaw, 2008). Hence, it can be stated that at each level of the hospital, strategy is considered as the way in which the decision makers give response to the environment of task. The environment of task can be considered as including the responsibilities at the international, regional or local level. Directional Strategies Considering the directional strategies of the hospital, there is a need for bringing changes in the mission, vision and value statement of the hospital (Tan Sheps, 2008). Mission Statement Improving the health of individuals served by the provision of care with high quality, timely and convenient accessibility with exceptional compassion and service, and a comprehensive number of services. Vision Statement Burnaby Hospital and the related affiliates will be the provider of health in choosing patients and physicians for the delivery of health care services in accordance with the expectations of the patients and their families with ethical consideration. Values The values of the hospital will be considered as the guiding principles serving as the base for everything being thought of, said, and done. These values are code of conduct of the organization, signifying what the hospital stands for. There is refusal for being less in comparison with the values being represented (Tan Sheps, 2008). Any practice, policy, philosophy or behavior that is beyond the scope of these values will be considered unacceptable, and will either be removed or improved. Value Added Services Services for translation: The organization has been providing special services of translation for the assistance of the patients and their families, accompanied with an attendant if needed Services of Ambulance: The hospital has the best in class services of the ambulance in situations of emergency or within the needs being planned Services of Medical Opinion: The hospital has in- house along with empanelled doctors for helping in providing suggestion towards right procedures and treatment for the patients approaching the options of health care Recommendation and Conclusion Since recent times, the directors of the hospital had been focused on the identification of certain strategic issues and problem that had been confronted by the members of the staff in the organization (Walshe, 2008). A serious crisis in finance was being faced and there had been an increased need for restructuring and for restoring the level of confidence. Every delivery system of the hospital should be focused on establishing its own domain of strategic service that is targeting the categories of diseases and illnesses in an implicit and explicit manner. References Detmer, D.E. (2007). A roadmap for national action on clinical decision support. J Am Med Inform Assoc, 14, pp. 141-145. Grimshaw, J. (2009). Systematic reviews of the effectiveness of quality improvement strategies and programmes. Quality and safety in health care, 12, pp. 298-303. Shaw, C. (2008). External assessment of health care. British Medical Journal, 322, pp. 851-854. Tan, J. Sheps, B. (2008). Health decision support systems, Jones Bartlett publishers. Walshe, K. (2008). Evaluating clinical audit: past lessons, future directions, London, Royal Society of Medicine.

The control of intellectual property has played an important role in the development of media technologies

Introduction Historically, intellectual property rights, IPR, have played a pivotal role in safeguarding all types of creators in business, scientific and artistic fields. In media technologies, besides providing effective mechanism of protection, the IPR has provided ethical means in which the creators or inventors can appreciate their efforts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The control of intellectual property has played an important role in the development of media technologies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although recent years have witnessed a proliferation of creativity and knowledge exceeding the precincts of mainstream protective measures, IPR has continued to evolve, in tandem with these happenings. Media technologies have witnessed more challenges. These challenges have spanned all spectrums of the society. They include ethical, technological, political, and legislative spectrums, among others. Desp ite these issues hampering the process of achieving their success, they have granted opportunities for various stakeholders involved in devising methods which fix their effective utilisation. Hence, in recent years, laws, policies and technologies among other strategies, have been constituted to control how media technologies can be used without compromising the intellectual property rights. The author describes how the control of intellectual property rights has contributed to the development of media technologies. In achieving this objective, the author notes that various strategies implemented focusing on intellectual property rights have been pivotal in controlling how media technologies are produced, distributed and used. Measures, such as legislations and technology among others, have provided an elaborate framework in using media technologies. Besides, various laws have been enforced to control or protect intellectual property. Further, the author demonstrates using Napster a nd Sony Vs Universal Studios as case studies to demonstrate issues that have resulted by not embracing the role of intellectual property rights. Discussion For several years, legal controls have been used to safeguard the society against threats which can occur unexpectedly. Legal controls have provided an effective mechanism in addressing the issue of intellectual property rights. Presently, the world has become a global village; the dawn of the internet has resulted in what we call digital revolution.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the media industry, digital revolution has created what is known as new digital media; hence, digital media has become a common phrase widely embraced in technology and media industries. It is a technology which is enabled by the internet. New digital media has imposed a challenge to conventional copyright policy. Thus, many organisations owning copyrights argue that the digital media have simplified prospects for intellectual theft. Intellectual Property Online (53) illustrates that new media have provided new challenges in terms of intellectual property rights. Intellectual Property Online notes that devising higher protection standards than was with earlier terms of copyright law will help to neutralise loss of revenues (57). Legal Control Measures and Controls The Digital Millennium Copyright Act and the European Union Copyright Directive Despite the differences, Digital Millennium Copyright Act, DMCA and the European Union Copyright Act, EUCA, have balanced the opposing differences in protecting digital media. The acts own a similar purpose of fixing a secure environment for relaying digital media contents (Intellectual Property Online 58). The Acts contain terms making it unlawful to circumvent copy-protection technologies in order to access unauthorised content. The acts also provide protection to other illega l activities such as distribution, production and making content available with intent of encouraging circumvention. Intellectual property owners are concerned about the illegal appropriation of contents as it restricts them from profiting from their efforts. The DMCA and EUCD with an aim of disciplining unlawful appropriation outlined specific rules to incorporate technology protecting copyright work and granting honest users to fulfill their rights (Lucchi). The anti-circumvention provision of the DMCA prevents three types of misdeeds. According to Digital Rights Management, it outlaws evading technological measures that prevent access to copyrighted work (104). Secondly, it forbids trafficking in devices that can improve circumvented access controls. Lastly, it restricts trafficking in circumvention devices for technological measures that safeguard the copyright, owner’s exclusive rights such as copying and distribution. On the other hand, EUCD promotes three areas in its strategy. These areas are the distribution rights, reproduction rights and the rights of communication (Lucchi). The Act also seeks member countries to provide legal procedures to guard against circumvention for technological measures that cover works. It criminalises circumvention in any approach regardless of the rights it protects (Digital Rights Management 106). The two laws, presently in force, provide content owners with a stronger opportunity to implement their own regulations and limits on the use and access of digital content.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The control of intellectual property has played an important role in the development of media technologies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Intellectual Property Enforcement New European Pattern To ensure secure digital media content and guarantee strong individual user’s deeds, the EU enforced the intellectual property rights as a regulation that compels member countries to generate decisive, reasonable, proportionate procedures, and remedies against copying and piracy. Davis explains that these measures were aimed at providing absolute protection to copyright violations (78). The European Union asserted that enforcing the law was necessary because without a careful and effective security, creativity and innovation was deemed to die. This regulation compels that it is necessary to ensure the substantive law on intellectual property is administered properly across the society. This is because administering is a key objective for success for protecting intellectual property. The European Union notes that a rapid increase in piracy and intellectual property rights and violation of intellectual property is a phenomenon which has a global outlook. When left unchecked, it poses a dire threat to society. Hence, the enforcement measures and other procedures are essential to defeat the challenge. Copyright Legislations Many con ventional and envisaged applications embracing digital media focus on transferring, recording or finding contents instead of transforming contents to new ones. For instance, applications that would have easily recombined personal media with elements from other public and other mass media, offer new areas in which copyright law and policy succeed (Lucchi). Most copyright regulations have shifted towards giving greater security and universal rights to copyright owners. According to Litman (2000), this illustrates a shift from the conventional pattern of prohibition by the acceptable use of copyrighted materials to all unauthorised use as illegal. Besides, older protection that was envisaged under the US copyright laws, for instance, is facing a threat with the shift to the digital domain. This, according to Stallman (2004), has led to the role of copyright entirely reversed. The digital technology has transformed it into a system that allows producers to confine the public into apprec iating the works of authors. In the digital communication layout, there are typically developments which have dramatically changed the course of accessing copyrighted information. According to Davis, these developments are zero marginal cost of copying, negligible cost of posting or producing new information on the internet and zero cost of transmission over the internet (80). With zero costs for duplication of information, the cyberspace technologies feel threatened. Therefore, there is a need to restrict ‘’theft’, by embracing new technological advancement that encourage fair use’ principle, a fundamental aspect of copyright principle (Davis 83).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fair Use The intellectual property rights, IPR, have simplified the manner in which the society engages in the proper use and access of copyrighted content. This has been achieved through a concept known as fair use. In the United States, the Fair Use Doctrine encourages acceptable use of copyrighted materials without permission or license, for purposes such as news reporting, comments and teaching, among others. The statute has extended fair use in various ways (Borland). This includes time-shifting, in using a VCR to time-shift when a person is viewing television programs and format shifting as in creating an MP3 format version of an audio CD that a person already owns. Assessing when to use of copyrighted content under fair use has been analysed by the courts on a case by case basis. This has been done using the four codes. These codes include the intent and spirit of the use (whether for nonprofit aims or commercial), the amount and substantiality of the potion used for the copy righted work and impact of use on the potential market. These codes are covered under the United States Code (Dittmann 7). However, fixing fair use has been a difficult task because of the contradictory interpretations set forth by legal scholars. The distinction of rationalisation hinges on whether fair use is a confirmatory right that permits copying in specific conditions or just a defense used in cases of copyright violation (Dittmann 6). When understood along the confirmatory right attitude, fair use is an essential part of copyright law that safeguards the constitutionally guaranteed rights of an individual’s free expression and free speech. On the contrary, when fair use is understood along the defensive line, copyright creators and technologies that enable them can limit a person access to digital media; granting fair use no longer an alternative available to the wider society. Copyright creators would then control access and use of digital media. Technology Control M easures The rapid technological progress in information and communication has fixed new legislative and judicial effort to restructure intellectual property rights in the digital media. This is to fix equilibrium between consumers and the legal owners. Hence, in today’s information society, technology control is directed by various international conventions and compliance with the state legislative practices. Technology control legislation then supports enforceability. Acts such as EUCD and DMCA recognise a legal status and offer a candid constitutional protection for copyright management and technological measures preventing unauthorised use and determining the conditions for permitted use (Lucchi). According to Borland, technology provides no issue to any legal control. It oversees transactions on an authoritative manner (Borland). Because of these characteristics of technology, intellectual property laws have undergone various amendments to support the needs of the technol ogical world. The role of technology in safeguarding intellectual property has been varied. One of the roles it achieves is preventing users from gaining access or engaging in practices such as copying. It also allows creation of licensing business models. These models permit holders to have the right of choosing their own discretion terms and conditions for use and access to their work. They also set in technical devices used in accomplishing their tasks. In absolute terms, technology cultivates the authority or grants the rights holder privileges to determine how his/her work should be used. Borland explains that different technological expressions have been expanding to keep contents from unauthorised copyright infringement and ease overseeing the use of media by the society (Borland). Terms such as technological protection measures, self-help systems, automated rights and digital rights management systems are springing as a result. These expressions point to an automated archite cture that can manage and protect distributing digital works. Besides, these measures provide easy transfer of digital works from inventors and publishers to consumers. Technological features to Protect access rights and control The inclusion of copy protection devices has been an element of various digital media. Several methods have been employed to ensure reasonable access to contents is guaranteed (Stenger). These measures are grouped into rights control and access control. Rights control limits a user’s capacity to engage the rights of the content owner. Access control involves a concept of access privileges to succeed a given operation. Access controls have granted legal protection than conventional controls. The rights holders are guaranteed more incentives of use than rights controls to improve stronger legal protection against circumvention. Transformative Technology Digital media technology has fixed significant changes in sharing and producing information. These ch anges have had a sweeping effect on copyright law and policies. Dittmann illustrates in his journal, IEEE Multi-Media: â€Å"This has had a deeper impact on digital media, that media can easily be expressed in the form or meaning’ (5). While he noted this transformative characteristic of digital media as a risk to technological and copyright defense actions, it is the transformative environment of the digital media that most promises protection of fair use rights (Stenger). Media technologists are involved in inventing new ways. These ways make the present and future digital media support intellectual property laws and policies that promote freedom of expressions and fair use privilege. Hence, the media technologies will strive to safeguard users and not primarily the data stored in it. According to Stenger, technologies strengthen and support transformative elements of digital media by making them available, reusable and accessible through establishing and using metadata (S tenger). Evolving technology Current trends in information technology have provided new alternatives in safeguarding intellectual property rights. Though some have proved successful, others have contributed to more infringement opportunities. Initiatives to establish barriers, for example, the Secure Digital Music Initiative, SDMI, have emphatically failed. Similarly, other efforts such as the Macrovision’s ‘snaps and crackles’ technology have also failed. Borland, in his article â€Å"Snaps, Crackles May Stop CD Piracy†, illustrates that ‘snaps and crackles’ technology inserts bits in a PCM encoded music on a CD (Borland). When such a CD is compressed with an MP3 algorithm and preserved with the data file on a computer system, the music gets corrupted with audible crackles and snaps on playback (Borland). These industry actions, although viewed as a big achievement, do not guarantee security of content. They are short-term remedies. Case Stud ies The Napster – Illegal File Swapping Illegal file swapping draws a common global threat to intellectual property rights enforcement. File swapping involves having a file sharing software or peer distribution system. The service allows users to freely exchange or share music files or other copyrighted content on the internet. Because these files are protected from copyright, less legitimacy has been attached to MP3 file size. McCourt and Patrick illustrate that Napster, which was founded in 1999, was a well-known online business which embraced peer-to peer network in heightening illegal file sharing practice (335). The Napster example illustrates the effect of intellectual property rights issue in the new digital world. Napster was an online music business which provided music sharing services. According to McCourt and Patrick, Napster operated on the idea that when someone pays for a given song or album, he had a right to ‘share’ with others (336). During the pre-internet days, sharing convention was widely embraced, because any person would give a friend a book or a video cassette without minding copyright infringement. It is well noted that non-commercial consumer copying is a fair use under the copyright regulation. However, in the digital age, things have changed because of the unlimited number of copies which can be made. Napster music sharing succeeded three distinct phases. The first phase was a user browsed the Napster website and entered the music of choice using his/her personal computer. The user’s machine then searched similar machines on the internet running a similar program. Once the search was over and the music found, the user then selects the device and transfers the MP3 music file containing the music. The Napster peer-to-peer technology allowed online connected computers to connect without passing, by means of a central file server (McCourt and Patrick, 342). This established a system that constituted internetw orked computers with share files stored in a single computer and controlled by simple share software. Napster had to face many legal issues because of its service of free music sharing. This was because it was violating the copyright rules of the owners of the music. After lengthy and protracted legal battles involving intellectual property infringement, Napster had to submit and presently, the e-business offers subscription services. It pays royalties on copyrighted contents. Although Napster story has cooled, many other e-based organisations have taken the Napster theory and enhanced it. According to Stenger, among the ideas evolving after Napster collapsed is that some e-based businesses have created offshore Napster sites. These sites blend two lengthy issues of the legal jurisdiction of the internet and the intellectual property rights (Stenger). Stenger, in his article â€Å"Entrepreneur Proposes Offshore Napster Clone†, notes the companies which compete with the Napste r ideas use the pig Latin, or other unique misspelling to obscure music filenames blocked by Napster (Stenger). Napster case shows the challenge that most mainstream music industry businesses have in this internet era. Thus, these issues are anchored on assumptions of technological obstacles that no longer prevail. Despite the courts neutralising the Napster case, the challenge of music sharing is common; undoubtedly, the future will encounter many problems. Perhaps, possibilities of music intellectual property rights will move away from the ownership model to licensing model. However, whether the strategy will reduce music piracy is still under discussion. Sony Vs Universal Studios 1984 Sony and Universal Studios were some of the leading media industries in 1980’s. In 1980’s, most media industries used cassette and audio tapes to distribute, play and store music. Besides, using these media simplified copying of music, hence, people would do themselves without much dif ficulty. This scenario elicited a threat to organisations producing and marketing recorded music. This was because an entire album could be recorded off the air with reasonable reliability. However, loss of music quality was causing an outcry from the listening public, besides, the copies successfully produced were poorer in precision. Besides, commercially produced cassette tapes would be borrowed and duplicated. These processes contributed to loss of royalties to the musicians. This was a similar issue that arose between Sony and Universal Studios in 1984, when home video recorder was introduced in the recording industry. Home video recorded made it possible to record video programs such as motion pictures off the air. This signaled that royalties were not paid for subsequent viewing. This scenario prompted a significant legal battle, pitting producers of blank tape and tape recording devices against content producers. This resulted in a court case between the two media industries . The results of the conflict were that consumers could lawfully record content off the air for personal use, they could also sell. However, whereas commercial practice of using such materials was prohibited, home use was not. Conclusion Various technological barriers and legal sanctions have contributed to redefining how media technologies are used in contemporary world. Hence, they will continue to be vital in protecting intellectual property rights. This has been successful, especially in preventing corporate piracy. Hence, at a personal level, they will not be sufficient because the technological barrier has decreased and is unlikely to increase by strategies such as encryption methods incorporated in volumes of produced items. Legal interventions such as Digital Millennium Act and European Union among others, have streamlined media technologies’ use by providing effective guidelines. Hence, with more technologies emerging, these interventions will endeavour to evolve to address the intricacies that come with new technologies. Work Cited Borland, John. â€Å"Snaps, Crackles May Stop CD Piracy, 2012. Web.. https://www.zdnet.com/ Davis, Randall. â€Å"The Digital Dilemma,† Communications of the ACM 44, (2001): 77- 83. Print Digital Rights Management. MIT Alumni Association. Technology Review, (n.d): 102- 109. Print Dittmann, Jana. â€Å"Copyright-Copywrong,† IEEE Multi-Media, (2000): 14-17. Print Intellectual Property Online. A Landmark Case,† Strategic Finance, (n.d): 52-57, Litman, Joseph, The demonization of piracy, 2000; Web.. Lucchi, Nicola. Intellectual Property Rights in Digital Media: A Comparative Analysis of Legal Protection, Technological Measures and New Business Models under E.U. and U.S. Law, 2005. Web. https://law.bepress.com/expresso/eps/615/ Marc, Davis. â€Å"From Pirates to Patriots: Fair Use for Digital Media.† IEEE Multimedia, (2002):4-7. Print McCourt, Tom, and Patrick Burkart. When creators, corporati ons and consumers collide: Napster and the development of on-line music distribution. Media, Culture Society, (2003): 333–350. Print Stenger, Richard. â€Å"Entrepreneur Proposes Offshore Napster Clone,† 2001. Web. http://edition.cnn.com/2001/TECH/internet/03/06/napster.offshore/index.html This essay on The control of intellectual property has played an important role in the development of media technologies was written and submitted by user Tomas Carlson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.